Abuse of power, Machiavellianism and toxic leadership: A structural equation modelling approach to predict organisational cohesiveness in higher education

Abstract

Orientation: Previous studies have identified several factors that predict organisational cohesiveness. Nevertheless, the role of three destructive leadership elements, toxic leadership, Machiavellianism and abuse of power, in predicting organisational cohesiveness remains underexplored, especially within the higher education landscape.
Research purpose: The primary purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationships between Machiavellianism and abuse of power on organisational cohesiveness and to investigate the mediating effect of toxic leadership.
Motivation for the study: Given that organisational cohesiveness is crucial to institutional goals and that destructive leadership behaviours are prevalent yet often unchecked, there is a need to empirically map how these negative traits and actions undermine the unity of academic staff in universities.
Research approach/design and method: This study employed a survey research strategy. Data from 665 academic staff members at universities in Indonesia and Malaysia were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM).
Main findings: The results indicated that toxic leadership significantly mediated the relationship between abuse of power and organisational cohesiveness, and Machiavellianism and organisational cohesiveness.
Practical/managerial implications: Our research contests the dominant belief that destructive leadership invariably harms organisations. This correlation should not be interpreted as an endorsement of toxicity; rather, it indicates a form of defensive cohesion. Consequently, universities must implement a comprehensive oversight system and ensure secure, retaliation-free channels for whistleblowing.
Contribution/value-add: This study establishes toxic leadership as a key mediator and offers clear evidence for higher education management regarding the necessity of addressing power abuse to foster a healthier work climate.